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Monday, December 8, 2014

Harvey Keitel's appearance in Apocalypse Now



It was one of the most famous re-castings in film history. But according to the film’s editor Walter Murch, actor Harvey Keitel – who was replaced by Martin Sheen as Captain Willard after three weeks of shooting – actually appears in the finished version of ‘Apocalypse Now’.

“He’s in the film,” says Murch, a frequent Coppola collaborator who cut the Vietnam epic.
“If you look at the shot, it’s from a helicopter looking at the boat as it’s taking off from the dock at the beginning of the trip. The boat leaves the dock and circles and heads out in the ocean. The person sitting on the front of the boat is Harvey Keitel. It’s such a long shot you can’t tell, but he is in the film!”


Saturday, November 22, 2014

Walter E. Kurtz lost in a Wilderness of Pain

        Excerpt from the poem "Wilderness of Pain":

                The Americans methodically burned, piece-by-piece, northeast Cambodia to the ground.  
                Down came the flames in a burst of thunder, first exploding onto the earth, then climbing
                its way to the top of the jungle, the black smoke billowing up to the sky, serving as a
                testament to the inferno below.  The gasoline-soaked napalm roared through the green
                albatross, spreading the fiery holocaust like a disease, killing the vegetative underworld
                in a plague of devouring heat and flame.  
Monday, September 22, 2014

Telluride: Francis Ford Coppola Spills 'Apocalypse Now' Secrets on 35th Anniversary

The following article is from "The Hollywood Reporter" 8/30/14:


Apocalypse Now star Marlon Brando was "like a kid, very irresponsible," said director Francis Ford Coppola at an Aug. 29 Telluride Film Festival panel celebrating the 35th anniversary of his Vietnam War classic, whose $31 million budget — $110 million in 2014 dollars — Coppola had to finance himself at 17 percent interest, which meant that Brando's behavior could have bankrupted him. The panel, hosted by Scott Foundas, featured winners of a dozen Oscars: producer Fred Roos, editor Walter Murch, cinematographer Vittorio Storaro and writer John Milius.

Since Brando — like co-star Dennis Hopper, who shunned showers and reeked from cocaine abuse — couldn't memorize a single line (yet gave an immortal performance), Coppola recorded Brando improvising for five days, typed up Brando's insightful ramblings along with snatches of Heart of Darkness, put the lines on tape and gave the 300-pound actor an earphone, so he could press a button and recite what he heard. "He didn't have a good memory, that's why he'd say, 'Uh... uh...' and push the button," said Coppola.

Like Brando's finale, the film's famous opening was also a desperate improvisation. "I was hanging out with the four or five editors, just goofing off," said Coppola. Another eyewitness (not on the Telluride panel) tells The Hollywood Reporter, "Francis was drunk, desperate, and rummaging around in garbage cans of film saying, 'I've gotta find an opening scene for my movie!' " Said Coppola, "The 'trim' barrels were filled with film you threw away. Garbage, basically, thrown-away film turned upside down and used to space out the sound on the sound track. I reached into a barrel of this film and at random pulled out a piece of film and put it on the Moviola. It was a lot of smoke, occasionally you'd see a helicopter skid go by, just very abstract. For the hell of it, I looked at another bin of trim and one said 'The End,' The Doors music. I said, 'Oh, wouldn't it be funny if we started the movie with 'This is the end' at the beginning?' So that's a case of destiny or just chance that helped make the beginning of the movie."

The opening scene was punctuated with an explosion in the jungle. "That was the biggest practical explosion ever done on film," said editor Murch. "It was the largest, most expensive military film that was made without any cooperation from the government." Added Coppola, "[Then] Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld [who later ignited the Vietnam-like Iraq debacle] categorically refused to allow us [military equipment and personnel]." However, said Murch, "A lot of ex-soldiers [from Vietnam] came to advise us, so in a sense it had a different point of view, rather than the POV of the established military."

Coppola praised Murch for the brilliant segue from the opening explosion scene to one of Martin Sheen drunk in a Saigon hotel room whose ceiling fan rhymed with the helicopter blades in the first scene. "I just made it a fan; Walter ingeniously made it a helicopter," said Coppola. "Francis said, 'The film needs to get crazier and crazier as it goes along, and if you work on it for any time, you become crazier,' " said Murch. "So you have the most normal scene, the beginning, because you haven't worked on it yet. The irony is that the beginning is arguably more crazy than anything else in the film."

To make Sheen's character vivid, Coppola relied on a dream. "I had a dream that somehow the key to getting the actor to disclose all that was in him was his vanity. Because Martin was a low-key person, such a good person, a handsome guy, very open, but you sensed that maybe there was a lot more to him. So I started goading him on his vanity. 'Look at yourself in the mirror, you're so handsome, look at your face, look at how beautiful you are,' " said Coppola. "He started to get really weird. He punched his own image in the mirror, and all this poured out of him."

"Including his blood," said Foundas.

But the gory scene was needed, said Coppola, because Sheen spends the rest of the movie passively watching horrors of war, and the audience had to be inside his mind at the start. "This isn't just an ordinary guy, this is a complicated man who's seen things, has stuff in his soul and heart that isn't easy to understand."

Storaro said he was reluctant to shoot the film, because he made philosophical, psychological films like The Conformist, not war movies. "I said, 'Don't worry, this is not a war movie,' " said Coppola. Storaro realized Apocalypse Now was about the imposition of one civilization on another, which he expressed by using light and darkness, unnatural artificial colors imposed on natural colors. "It was supposed to be like The Guns of Navarone, but all of a sudden it was about colored smoke and all this weirdness," said Coppola. "I knew it was my chance to take all my principles and put it in this incredible fresco that was Apocalypse Now, good and evil, darkness and light, one culture imposing itself on another."

Telluride Film Festival co-founder Tom Luddy noted that it was appropriate that the Apocalypse Now panel and 35th anniversary screening was in the fest's Werner Herzog Theater. "In 1974, I brought Herzog's Aguirre: The Wrath of God to the Pacific Film Archive at Berkeley and screened it for Francis, who used two citations from it in Apocalypse Now." Coppola used homages to Herzog's scenes of a mysterious boat in a tree and a native's spear that goes through a startled conquistador's chest. "I would like to say where this movie came from," said Coppola. "I saw Eugene Jones' 1967 A Face of War, a 16 mm documentary about Vietnam, and that had a profound effect on me. Werner Herzog made Aguirre, and that had a tremendous effect on me."

Sunday, August 10, 2014

Meet Colonel Kurtz's version of "Special Forces"


About twenty or so Stieng soldiers appeared from out of the jungle like ghosts while everyone
watched in curious amazement. They looked different than the Jarai. They were much darker and their hair was long and frizzy.  Native to the swampy lowlands of Cambodia, the Stieng are well known throughout Cambodia and Vietnam for their prowess as hunters of man and animal. They are feared and reviled by the Vietnamese because of their brutal and bizarre tactics.


Friday, August 8, 2014

Colonel Kurtz's voice, monitored out of Cambodia


"Some of the montagnards had killed a couple of wild boar and were roasting them over an open flame. They were now out of their tiger-striped jungle gear issued by the U.S. Army, and were wearing their more traditional Jarai attire complete with loincloths and large amounts of bodily adornment consisting of brass earrings, necklaces, and bracelets. They began chanting and banging on tin gongs in an attempt to summon certain animistic gods and the spirits of their ancestors, but not before they dulled their bodies and heightened their senses by smoking mild hallucinogenic herbs and drinking an alcohol made from rice. Soon the Jarai were chanting very loud and boisterously, as well as dancing to the beat of the drums with the hopes of eliciting otherworldly assistance in their time of war."


Tuesday, August 5, 2014

It's all about the light...


Apocalypse Now is not necessarily an anti-war film, but rather one that transcends the ambiguities of war to tell us something about the human spirit and psyche. For example, Colonel Kurtz is a man who becomes (devolves or evolves, depending on your perspective) something primal yet progressive

As Captain Willard says, "Kurtz split from the whole fucking program".  What's he talking about?  Well, again, this is open to interpretation, but the most common explanation of Willard's observation is that he no longer bought into, much less adhered to, all the lies and moral rationalizations regarding the American involvement in Vietnam. Rather than resisting the so-called 'call of the jungle', Kurtz gives in.  He accepts the emergence (or reemergence) of his primordial instincts.  

 Marlon Brando did an amazing job capturing the essence of a man slipping the bonds of Western Rationalism with his dialogue and physical acting.  But perhaps even greater were the efforts of Vitorio Storaro, the cinematographer of Apocalyspe Now, who manged to capture the madness permeating the mind of Colonel Kurtz through some of the most fantastically beautiful images captured by a camera.

Friday, August 1, 2014

Colonel Kurtz, "I watched a snail..."


The motivating factor for Colonel Kurtz, that which opened his eyes to the reality of, not just war, but to the realities of human survival, can be gleaned from his following statement of: "I watched a snail crawl along the edge of a straight razor. That's my dream; that's my nightmare.  Crawling, slithering, along the edge of a straight razor... and surviving."

Colonel Kurtz was referring to the tenacity of the Vietnamese people. He was referring to the fact that they were able to endure such extreme suffering, as well as inflict it, and yet were still able to survive and even thrive. Colonel Kurtz was talking about the fact that no matter how much suffering, death and destruction their enemy inflicted upon them, the Vietnamese simply would not give up, that they would fight to the last man, woman, and child.

Sunday, July 27, 2014

Apocalypse Now influenced by Aguirre: Wrath of God


Werner Herzog's Aguirre: The Wrath of God is one of those epic masterpieces that could never be made today. The film-making process that Herzog and his cast and crew endured was grueling, risky and at times life threatening, filming on location on the Amazon River. 

 Aguirre: The Wrath of God, tells a story which takes place in the year 1560 about a doomed expedition led by a group of men in the Peruvian rain forest in search of the legendary city of gold, El Dorado. Klaus Kinski plays Aguirre, one of the most frightening villains ever captured on film. A man so ruthless and evil, he will let nothing and no one get in his way to retrieve his untold riches.

Right from the beginning Aguirre proves to be an oppressive leader, so terrifying that few protest his leadership and those who complain are easily killed. Klaus Kinski embodies the character of Aguirre perfectly with his frightening facial expressions, his stern cold eyes and his crab spider-like walk. Kinski creates a man on the verge of madness always scheming and plotting against others and the only person Aguirre shows any tenderness or love towards is his 15-year-old daughter, which disturbingly feels incestuous.

The films themes of greed, murder, madness and lust for power has made this one of the most powerful films to explore the dark side of the human soul, and so its not to surprising and this was one of the main influences for Frances Ford Coppola's Apocalypse Now. Aguirre: Wrath of God has some of the most haunting and most dangerous sequences ever captured on celluloid which includes its iconic opening of a snake-like line of men making their way down the steep Andes mountains through a thick fog of clouds and jungle, or the thrilling sequence of rafts getting caught in a horrifying and dangerous whirlpool, or the decapitation of a man plotting to escape, whose head continues to speak shortly after the man is beheaded. In one of the most beautiful camera shots of the film, the camera rotates 360 degrees around and around Aguirre alone on the leaking raft surrounded by corpses and chattering monkeys as you hear the voice-over of Aguirre's madness still planning his new empire. 

The making of Aguirre: The Wrath of God became as legendary to film buffs as the film itself, as right from the beginning of the production Herzog would purposely try infuriating Kinski to get the most frightening performance he desired out of him. Kinski's angry outbursts would result in not only a gunshot blowing off the top joint of a extras finger but Herzog threatening to shoot first Kinski and then himself, at a time when Kinski threatened to walk off set. Over the years this story has been given rise to the legend that Herzog made Kinski act for him at gunpoint. However Herzog debunked that rumor in the DVD commentary track by stating, "I was unarmed but somehow in order to look better Kinski reported as if I had drawn a gun at him...it's not like that. But I would have shot him, there was no doubt and the bastard understood it was not a joke. I just out-gutted him and was more determined than he was. After that he behaved for like ten days."

 
Saturday, July 26, 2014

Mutiny on the Bounty and Apocalypse Now


If you've seen the 1962 movie, "Mutiny on the Bounty", also starring Marlon Brando, you may have noticed certain similarities. For example, in "Mutiny", when the Bounty made its way to shore in Tahiti, the scene looks very reminiscent of when Captain Willard's boat, PBR Street Gang, enters Colonel Kurtz's Cambodian camp. In each instance both ship and boat are slowly and quietly surrounded by the native inhabitants in their own canoe-like boats. In both scenes there is an eerie calm, a kind of clash of cultures, if you will, fraught with both fear and a fascination of the "other".


Friday, July 25, 2014

Walter's childhood by the river



During the warm weather months, the opulence of animal life, floral majesty, and stunning herbal diversity garnishing his river retreat made it a kind of ‘Garden of Eden’ for young Walter.  It was pristine and pure, undaunted by man and touched only by the hand of God.  His father would occasionally grace the little paradise with his presence, always bringing Walter a morsel of food-for-thought.  And that was okay with Walter, because looking deep into his father’s eyes, he believed he could see God. 

Walter would spend the lion’s share of his summer vacations waiting on nature’s cycles of life, death, and rebirth to unfold around him, with his father’s assurance that in the end, everything would work out as accorded by Divine Providence.  Put into these terms, Walter believed his was a world where goodness would always prevail, that all things were, “Providentially ordained”, as his father would say.  And it was the riverbank that encapsulated this for him, coming to symbolize much of what he loved and held dear.  It was also a place where he felt close to his long-deceased grandfather, spending many hours there pondering the man he heard so much about, but never met.

Apocalypse Now psychedelia

River of Dreams
Benjamin Mercer on Apocalypse Now


 The famed first sequence of Apocalypse Now not only lays the hallucinatory groundwork for the rest of the film, but it also foregrounds the very scale of the destruction wrought during the Vietnam war: To the frayed preliminary strains of the Doors’ “The End,” helicopters swarm in slow motion over an anonymous patch of jungle, a bright-yellow plume of smoke dancing eerily in the chopper blades’ current; suddenly, an inferno, unleashed from above, engulfs the landscape, and the camera—which has heretofore been completely fixed—begins tracking to the right, effectively measuring the detonation’s impact as it moves along. A series of dissolves then positions this less as an actual event than one officer’s fevered encapsulation of the conflict he can’t seem to tear himself away from: A man appears, his face upside down, superimposed over the blaze, as he takes a slow drag on a cigarette, evidently hypnotized by the helicopter whirr of the ceiling fan above. Later in the same Saigon-hotel-room sequence, that man, special-operations officer Benjamin Willard (Martin Sheen), shatters a full-length mirror with his fist, suggesting the impossibility of assimilating the war’s grand-scale horrors has led directly to this downward spiral of self-destruction.

Rightfully regarded as one of the finest films on the subject of war ever made, Francis Ford Coppola’s Apocalypse Now nonetheless also happens to be one of the most perennially elusive and disconcerting consensus classics of the American cinema. Discussion of the movie’s actual action has long seemed almost beside the point. There is the enduring Hollywood legend of the hellish production in the Philippines, the movie’s status as one of the money-hemorrhaging swan songs of a marvelously unruly era of domestic feature filmmaking, and the long list of homages and parodies it has inspired. Perhaps this is in part because the film itself is so difficult to pin down. It has a clear, linear narrative direction (Coppola and screenwriter John Milius, loosely adapting Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, use a simple journey’s-progress template), but an altogether more unsettled relationship to its sometimes top-heavy themes (the rottenness of the Vietnam war, the rottenness of war in general, the fragility of the human psyche, the meaning of civilization, etc.). Grasping the film as a whole is even more difficult in its 2001 (Coppola-preferred) Redux cut, a more languidly fluid affair. For one thing, women feature much more prominently: In this 50-minute-longer version, members of Willard’s crew canoodle with a pair of Playboy bunnies after their USO show, and Willard goes to bed with a French woman at the ghostly rubber plantation where she’s holding out.

A strong common thread may be found, though, throughout many of the film’s most arresting scenes, including that iconic bad-trip opener: the nauseatingly theatrical dimension of war—a key reason why this movie in particular, shot by the great Vittorio Storaro, stands to gain from an expansive theatrical presentation. Vietnam appears here as a crucible of chaos, a place occupied by a corps of distorted personalities, where only the most flamboyantly brutal gestures seem to register through the candy-colored napalm haze. Once Willard receives his orders to go upriver to kill Colonel Walter E. Kurtz (Marlon Brando)—a decorated American officer who has gone rogue in a highly extravagant and “irregular” manner, amassing an army of followers deep in the jungle, over the Cambodian border—the nightmare commences in earnest. A patrol boat—whose motley crew also includes fired-up Clean (Laurence Fishburne), spaced-out pro surfer Lance (Sam Bottoms), tightly wound Chef (Frederic Forrest), and the older Chief (Albert Hall), stoically manning the helm—provides the means of transport.

Each scene unfolds as though it were a stop-off at some dystopic movie already in progress, but one in which real human atrocity can periodically pierce the rest of the charade. Perhaps most notable is the early rendezvous with Lieutenant Colonel Bill Kilgore (Robert Duvall), a barrel-chested cock-of-the-walk commander who seems to relish the chaos around him, and who leads the formation of helicopters during the spectacular “Flight of the Valkyries” air strike, a barrage that’s presented, sickeningly, like a commemorative fireworks display. In voiceover (journalist Michael Herr penned the narration), Willard observes that Kilgore will always emerge from battle unscathed: “He was just one of those guys with that weird light around him. He just knew he wasn’t going to get so much as a scratch here.” From one stage to another: Soon after the Kilgore episode, Willard and his men pull over for fuel and find themselves taking in a USO show featuring a trio of Playboy bunnies (one of the women is dressed as a cowboy, another as an Indian), though the extended tease ends abruptly when a riot breaks out at the waterfront amphitheater. In Coppola’s film, there comes to seem something uniquely American about this kind of garish display.

A gradual redirecting of the thematic spotlight occurs not long after the USO scene. Much of Apocalypse Now’s haunting overall effect stems from the fact that, as the journey upriver progresses, the film’s focus seems to dilate, rather than constrict, moving further away from a Vietnam-specific commentary to a more dispersed meditation on the since-time-immemorial impulses at the dark heart of mankind. This diffusion of themes occurs organically, so that the acid take on America’s aimless conduct in Vietnam doesn’t feel abandoned so much as transmuted. But after the sampan massacre—the film’s closest-range atrocity, during which the skittish Clean opens fire on a vaguely suspect family of Vietnamese farmers—the theater of violence continues on a stage whose dimensions are more difficult to make out than the contours of the battlefield.

A kind of slow-stroboscope psychedelia takes over at the Do Lung Bridge, where faces fall in and out of the darkness as fizzling flares and seemingly undirected bursts of mortar fire sporadically illuminate the night sky—a surreal light show that serves as a prelude to Willard and Co.’s arrival at Kurtz’s compound. When Willard’s journey does finally reach its terminus, the impression of an acrid performance remains in the atmosphere. Kurtz himself turns out to be a consummate showman in his own respect, reading aloud prophetically from Eliot and brooding in the shadows, his every movement suggesting that he’s fully, if somewhat wearily, aware of each shaft of light as a potential dramatic device. (This sense is probably at least partially due to a storied on-set workaround, since the actor showed up to the set unprepared and overweight.) Referring to the severed heads littering the encampment, “poet-warrior” Kurtz’s most forthcoming disciple, an American photojournalist manically played by Dennis Hopper, admits that his idol can be a little over-the-top: “Sometimes he goes too far, you know, and he’s the first one to admit it.”

As the film drifts onward, it feels less and less likely that Kurtz has been imagined by Coppola and Milius as the embodiment of a single coherent ideological position. The tweaked-out ravings of the photographer, for one, seem to destabilize what the colonel stands for, as does one Kurtz rant about morality and judgment. The colonel is gradually boiled down to his charismatic essence—a regime of seductive phrases and loaded little gestures, all of them aimed at rejecting any authority but his own. From here, Apocalypse Now moves inexorably toward a climactic showdown, but the film’s conclusion, rather chillingly, lacks a sense of resolution. If we could follow Willard beyond that final dissolve, we would no doubt find him haunted by even more imponderably strange and horrific images of combat than at the film’s outset—and unsettled even more deeply by the specters of the larger-than-life men who were able to harness the appalling spectacle.
Saturday, July 19, 2014

Colonel Walter Kurtz talks about the tenacity of the North Vietnamese



For a century and a half the Vietnamese waged wars of liberation against the Chinese with all the physical and mental endurance they could muster, refusing to remain subservient subjects living under the auspice of Chinese rule.  The Vietnamese aspired to create a dynasty patterned after their former mandarin masters, but with a glorious history exclusive to the Vietnamese people.  They would proceed to erect their own empire, canonizing their reverent struggle of rolling back the jungle and taming its ‘primitive’ inhabitants.  There they would build their great cities and temples to house their own mandarins and seat their own emperors.

Once embarked upon this endeavor, the Vietnamese found it more foreboding and far less romantic than Chinese lore explained Sino ascension.  Neither the jungle nor its inhabitants were willing to cooperate with the making of a Vietnamese empire.  The kemois, as the Vietnamese referred to the indigenous Jarai and other montagnard tribes they encountered, resisted Vietnamese subjugation and attempts at their destruction.  Nor would the jungle—its impenetrable foliage, driving rains, searing heat, relentless insects, and deadly animal life—give up without a fight to the death either.
           
In battling the Chinese for consecutive generations, the Vietnamese not only developed a fierce warrior mentality, but also great patience and resolve.  They unleashed these things on the kemois as well as the jungle, fighting them with the same tenacity as they did the Chinese.  The Vietnamese tried to drive the kemois from their land, but they were as determined to stay as the jungle was to keep them.  Soon the Vietnamese push for empire found them fighting wars in all directions, the kind that could bring them the great victories needed in the making of a glorious history.  They continued to fight off the Chinese, pursued the destruction of the kemois in northern Vietnam, and ventured south into Champa to conquer yet even more lands.  In their struggle they learned it was not an attitude of self-reverence or exaltation of a dynasty yet to be constructed that vanquished people and fashioned empires.  The Vietnamese came to understand that they were built by men who had no fear, felt no pain, and lived without the weight of conscience or remorse weighing them down.  They learned this through hundreds of years of observing the jungle maintain its own imperium without displaying even a hint of regret or lamentation.

The Vietnamese desire for their own domain led them into hundreds of years of horrific warfare with the Chinese, Mongols, Chams, and various montagnard peoples occupying what was to eventually be greater-Vietnam.  Living in this state of perpetual warfare slowed Vietnamese aspirations of empire, bogging it down in the mud, thick foliage, and stiff resistance from the people they intended on erecting their kingdom on top of.  Their golden dream soon tarnished in the humidity of the tropical heat, making it unrecognizable even to themselves.  Generation after generation of Vietnamese fought their endless war, numbing not only their bodies but their minds, and eventually they knew not of those earlier aspirations and only that of war.  Forgotten were their dreams of kingdoms and empires, and Vietnamese emperors ruling all of Southeast Asia.  Instead of walking bronze hallways in Annam and golden corridors in Cham, with silk draped around their bodies and jewels on their fingers, the Vietnamese trudged through rivers of blood and crawled over piles of corpses, with rags on their backs and dirt underneath their fingernails.  The jungle slowly lured the Vietnamese in with false promises of wealth and power, but instead took their hopes, dreams, and dignity without them even knowing it.  In return the jungle made them hard and feral with the stamina to endure any and all pain and suffering their endless war would bring them. 
           
In the beginning it was the want of riches and glory that gave the Vietnamese the stomach to fight the endless war, but in the end their desire for these things had long left their conscious mind and the endless war became their empire.  Back then the Vietnamese pallet would have settled for nothing less than the prospect of dining on roast pheasant and a fine wine suitably served in an elegant dinner hall.  Now, some rat meat and swamp water eaten knee deep in mud and leeches would better serve their fancy.  The future that the Vietnamese once aspired and longed for has arrived, but not their empire.  Those visionary, long-suffering plans have now been replaced by their present thoughts consumed with that of mere day-to-day survival.
           
Warfare and its subsequent death, disease, and poverty have become a way of life for the Vietnamese.  There is no time to mourn the dead.  They are merely those who cannot fight anymore.  The rest must pick up their weapons and continue on in search of the pain and suffering that they have become so accustomed to.  Like the Jarai, the Vietnamese live in the jungle, carrying the same traits and armed with the same instincts as their home and creator, willing to bare any burden to protect who they are and where they come from.  The Vietnamese now have for themselves that glorious history they so very much desired, and it is one that stretches farther across the landscape of time than any empire or kingdom the world has ever known.  The history of the Vietnamese is also the history of the jungle, the two having coiled themselves around one another over the course of two thousand years.  The jungle generously shares this part of itself for a complete and unwavering obedience to its every will and desire.  At the feet of the jungle the Vietnamese kneel, imprisoned in the endless war by the forgotten aspirations of their ancestors.

 It did not seem to matter to the Vietnamese who came to make war.  Each was just another in a long line of enemies who never stopped coming.  Their foemen once wore loincloths and carried spears, making their way on foot.  Now they come in decorated uniforms, traveling from far away lands by sea and air.  The Vietnamese have been fighting wars in these jungles for over two millennia, and will continue to do so until their enemies are no more.  You can kill their women and children, but not their will.  Cut their eyes out and they will still see.  Slice their ears off and they still hear.  Sever his testicles and tear out his wife’s womb and they will still multiply.  Burn them with flame and they will not whither.  Bomb their homes and they will find shelter in the dirt.   Destroy their crops and livestock and they will subsist on vermin.  Should you cut off his right arm he will kill you with his left.  If you cut off both arms he will kill you with his cunning.  Do not be satisfied with killing all but one of them, because that one will kill all of you.  And never follow him into the jungle, for in that jungle you will surely die.
Tuesday, March 4, 2014

Self-immolation of Thich Quang Duc


Thích Qung Đc (1897 – 11 June 1963, born Lâm Văn Túc, was a Vietnamese Mahayana Buddhist monk who burned himself to death at a busy Saigon road intersection on 11 June 1963.


 Quang Duc was protesting the persecution of Buddhists by the South Vietnamese government led by Ngô Đình Dim. 

Photographs of his self-immolation were circulated widely across the world and brought attention to the policies of the Dim government. 


John F. Kennedy said in reference to a photograph of Duc on fire, "No news picture in history has generated so much emotion around the world as that one." 

Malcolm Browne won a Pulitzer Prize for his photograph of the monk's death. After his death, his body was re-cremated, but his heart purportedly remained intact.


Thursday, February 27, 2014

Dark Heart of Walter E. Kurtz

Walter E. Kurtz served two tours of duty in Vietnam before he established his Cambodian outpost and became a pariah to the U.S. military establishment.


During those two tours of duty, Walter E. Kurtz was a part of the Gamma Program, the recruitment of montagnard tribesmen from the highlands of Vietnam and Cambodia to conduct a war of attrition against the North Vietnamese.








Friday, February 14, 2014

Sergeant Wilke from "Dark Heart of Walter E. Kurtz"


 
Sergeant Wilke was a grizzled, yet deceptively refined, veteran of the Korean War who has been in Southeast Asia since the mid-1950s.  He is an expert in the field of guerrilla warfare, and well-versed in several Southeast Asian languages, including several dialects spoken by the many montagnard tribes living in Cambodia and Vietnam.  In the early 1960s Wilke played a major role in a U.S. funded program to arm and train these indigenous peoples to fight the Vietminh, but has since been discontinued, at least officially. 

Walter was intrigued by Wilke and spent a lot of time studying him as they both tried to pass the initial long, hot, seemingly endless moments of inactivity, and was fascinated by Wilke’s animal-like mannerisms and instincts.  He walked in and out of the jungle as quiet as a ghost and seemed to have eyes in the back of his head, catching Walter staring at him from behind on several occasions.  Sudden sounds emanating from the jungle could not catch Wilke unprepared for fight-or-flight no matter how quickly they erupted.  Years of constantly living only seconds away from death by way of man, nature, and beast, has sharpened his senses like that of fine cutlery, putting him in perfect harmony with the jungle.